Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is one of the most common types of leukaemia in adults. This slow-growing cancer affects a type of white blood cell known as lymphocytes, which play a role in your immune system. Though a CLL diagnosis can be overwhelming, understanding the basics of the disease helps you or your loved ones navigate treatment options and prognosis more confidently.

What is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia?

CLL is a form of cancer that starts in the bone marrow, where blood cells are produced. It occurs when abnormal lymphocytes usually B cells grow out of control, crowding out healthy blood cells. Unlike acute leukaemias, CLL often develops slowly and may not cause noticeable symptoms for years.

Key Symptoms to Watch For

Many people with CLL may not experience symptoms in early stages. However, some common symptoms include:

• Fatigue or weakness

• Swollen lymph nodes, mainly in the neck, armpits, or groin

• Frequent infections

• Easy bruising or bleeding

• Unintentional weight loss

• Night sweats or persistent fevers

If you develop any of these symptoms, it's best to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.

Diagnosing CLL

Most cases are discovered during routine blood tests before symptoms appear. To confirm CLL, doctors may perform:

• Blood tests (such as a complete blood count)

• Immunophenotyping to identify abnormal lymphocytes

• Bone marrow biopsy, in some cases

Early and accurate diagnosis enables timely monitoring and treatment.

Current Treatment Options

Not everyone diagnosed with CLL needs immediate treatment. Options depend on the stage of CLL, age, health, and symptoms:

• Observation (Watchful Waiting): Used for early-stage, symptom-free cases

• Chemotherapy: Often with oral medications

• Targeted Therapy: Drugs like ibrutinib and venetoclax attack specific cancer cell mechanisms

• Immunotherapy: Medications, such as monoclonal antibodies, help your immune system fight cancer

• Stem Cell Transplant: For high-risk or younger patients, though less common

Your care team will tailor treatment to your specific circumstances.

Living with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia

While CLL is rarely curable, many people live for decades post-diagnosis. Regular monitoring and following your doctor’s advice are crucial. Lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet, exercise, and regular vaccinations, can reduce infection risk and improve overall well-being.

Conclusion

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia, know that effective treatments and support systems are available. Stay informed, seek regular medical advice, and consider joining patient support communities for additional help.